Update dependency multidict to v6.8.0 - #27

v6.8.0

Compare Source

=====

(2026-09-09)

Bug fixes

• A segmentation fault that could be triggered when getting an item is now fixed
  -- by :user:Vizonex.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1310.

• Fixed reference leak in iterators, views and istr
  -- by :user:Vizonex.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1311.

• Fixed the pure-Python :class:~multidict.MultiDict constructor and
  :py:meth:~multidict.MultiDict.extend,
  :py:meth:~multidict.MultiDict.update, and
  :py:meth:~multidict.MultiDict.merge methods over-allocating their
  internal hash table when called with both a positional argument and
  keyword arguments, because keyword arguments were counted twice in the
  size estimate -- by :user:aiolibsbot.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1338.

• Fixed __repr__ of :class:~multidict.MultiDict,
  :class:~multidict.CIMultiDict, their proxies, and the keys/items views
  producing invalid output when keys contained quote characters --
  keys are now formatted with :func:repr so the result is a valid Python
  string literal -- by :user:aiolibsbot.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1342.

• Fixed a segfault when calling :py:meth:~multidict.MultiDict.add with only one of its two required arguments supplied by keyword, e.g. d.add(key="k"). Extra keyword arguments passed to the lookup and removal methods are also now rejected with :exc:TypeError instead of being silently ignored.

  -- by :user:devdanzin

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1376.

• Fixed a segfault when constructing a multidict iterator type directly, e.g. type(iter(md.keys())).__new__(...). Such an iterator had a NULL internal pointer that next() dereferenced. The iterator types now forbid direct instantiation, the same way the view types were fixed in :issue:1163.

  -- by :user:devdanzin

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1377.

• Fixed a segfault when using a :py:class:~multidict.MultiDict or :py:class:~multidict.CIMultiDict created via __new__ without calling __init__ (for example a subclass that does not call super().__init__()). The internal state was left as NULL pointers that the first method call dereferenced. tp_new now initializes the object to a valid empty mapping.

  -- by :user:devdanzin

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1378.

• Fixed two crashes in the C extension caused by holding a raw pointer into a hash table across an operation that could reshape it. Updating a multidict from itself (e.g. d.extend(d)) freed the very table being iterated -- a use-after-free; extend(self) now doubles the contents and update(self)/merge(self) are no-ops. Building a multidict from a list of pairs whose case-insensitive key .lower() shrinks that list read past the end of the list; the length is now re-checked on every iteration.

  -- by :user:devdanzin

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1379.

• Fixed three reference/resource leaks on error paths in the C extension: the items-view __contains__ leaked the first element of a candidate pair when reading the second one raised; __repr__ leaked its PyUnicodeWriter when the multidict was mutated during iteration; and the internal iteration helper leaked the identity reference when key materialization failed under low memory.

  -- by :user:devdanzin

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1381.

• Stopped several feature-detection fallbacks in the C extension from swallowing every exception. When probing an argument (arg.items()/arg.keys()) or measuring it (len(other)) fails, the code now clears only the expected :exc:TypeError/:exc:AttributeError and lets everything else -- notably :exc:MemoryError and :exc:KeyboardInterrupt -- propagate, matching the already-correct sites elsewhere in the module.

  -- by :user:devdanzin

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1382.

• Fixed a segmentation fault when extending a multidict with itself
  -- by :user:cananoo and :user:asvetlov.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1398.

• Fixed a memory leak when MultiDict and CIMultiDict instances are
  initialized more than once -- by :user:asvetlov.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1412.

• Fixed a reference leak in items-view set operations
  -- by :user:asvetlov.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1413.

• Fixed a memory leak when destroying C-extension multidict instances
  and proxies -- by :user:asvetlov.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1415.

• Fixed a reference leak from repeated __init__ calls on
  MultiDictProxy and CIMultiDictProxy instances -- by :user:asvetlov.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1419.

• Fixed missing decref for :data:None on error in :meth:~multidict.MultiDict.setdefault
  -- by :user:asvetlov

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1421.

Features

• Added :py:func:reversed support to the keys, values, and items views of
  :class:~multidict.MultiDict, :class:~multidict.CIMultiDict, and their
  proxies in both the C-extension and pure-Python implementations
  -- by :user:aiolibsbot.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:448.

• Optimized key identity comparison for C Extension.

  Now it uses fast path that is equal to :c:func:PyUnicode_Equal from
  Python 3.14+ but without redundant type checks. It gives ~15% speed-up on benchmarks with many key comparisons.

  -- by :user:asvetlov

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1406.

• Changed both the pure-Python and C implementations to mark a temporarily
  removed hash table entry by setting the high bit of its hash instead of
  overwriting it with a sentinel value, so restoring the entry no longer
  recomputes the hash; :meth:~multidict.MultiDict.getall is faster ~10% now in C version
  -- by :user:asvetlov

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1426.

Removals and backward incompatible breaking changes

• Dropped support for Python 3.9 as it has reached end of life.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1316.

• Dropped support for free-threaded Python 3.13 -- by :user:ngoldbaum.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1326.

Improved documentation

• Fixed CIMultiDictProxy documentation to state it inherits from
  MultiDictProxy (not MultiDict), and fixed missing word in
  istr section -- by :user:veeceey.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1298.

• Clarified that istr preserves the original casing and
  compares as a regular str; case-insensitive matching is
  handled by CIMultiDict -- by :user:gyanu2507.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1397.

• Fixed broken RST markup in items() docstrings
  -- by :user:veeceey.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1299.

Packaging updates and notes for downstreams

• Dropped support for free-threaded Python 3.13 -- by :user:ngoldbaum.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1326.

• Wheels for iOS and Android (CPython 3.13+) are now published on
  release-tag builds, so downstreams on those platforms no longer need a
  local compiler to install multidict; these wheels are build-verified
  only, since running the test suite on mobile needs a simulator or an
  emulator -- by :user:aiolibsbot.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1337.

• Added support for building and shipping riscv64 wheels
  -- by :user:justeph.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1293.

• The setuptools build dependency lower bound has been restored to be
  >= 47 after an incorrect automated increase in :pr:1315
  -- by :user:aiolibsbot.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1400.

Contributor-facing changes

• Added support for collecting code coverage of isolated multidict tests
  -- by :user:Vizonex.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1314.

• Switched to mirrors-clang-format and enabled clang-format in pre-commit.ci
  -- by :user:bdraco.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1318.

• Added a release-tag-gated CI job that cross-compiles the C extension
  for iOS and Android through cibuildwheel -- by :user:aiolibsbot.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1337.

• Added an AGENTS.md orientation file at the repository root, covering the
  pull request template, the CHANGES/ news fragment conventions, the
  draft-PR / human-review workflow, and the dual pure-Python and C-extension
  parity rule, so LLM contributors land changes that match project style
  -- by :user:bdraco.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1339.

• Added init, installable, instantiation, parametrization,
  parametrized, postfix, and unparseable to the docs spelling list
  so news fragments and docs can use these words without failing the spell
  check build -- by :user:pctablet505.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1343.

• Documented three common agent failure modes in
  :file:AGENTS.md: the docs spell check
  (make doc-spelling) catches unknown words in news fragments
  before CI does; coverage runs over the test tree too, so
  unreachable defensive raise guards and one-sided cleanup
  branches in tests will surface as uncovered on the codecov
  patch report; and branch creation is restricted on
  aio-libs/multidict, so PRs must be pushed from a fork
  -- by :user:bdraco.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1343, :issue:1345.

• Trimmed the CI test matrix to drop redundant Py_DEBUG jobs on
  macOS and Windows and to gate the windows-11-arm wheel build to
  release-time only, cutting CI wall-clock by roughly a third without
  reducing code coverage -- by :user:aiolibsbot.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1346.

• Added a CLAUDE.md at the repository root that imports
  :file:AGENTS.md via Claude Code's @-syntax, so the
  project's LLM contributor rules load automatically when
  working in Claude Code
  -- by :user:aiolibsbot.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1347.

• Enabled the I (import sorting) rule in
  [tool.ruff.lint] so ruff check covers import order on top
  of the existing UP (pyupgrade) group, and updated the
  ruff-check pre-commit hook to run with
  --fix --exit-non-zero-on-fix --show-fixes so import-order
  fixes apply on commit. Sorted imports in four tests/ files
  to match the new rule -- by :user:bdraco.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1348.

• Enabled the PLC0415 (import-outside-top-level) rule in
  [tool.ruff.lint]. Function-scoped imports must now opt in
  with # noqa: PLC0415 plus a comment explaining the reason
  (typically avoiding a heavy optional dependency at import time).
  This catches a pattern that LLM contributors frequently introduce.
  There are currently no opt-outs in the tree, so the rule is
  enforced everywhere ruff check runs
  -- by :user:bdraco.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1349.

• Switched the cibuildwheel build frontend to build[uv] so
  that uv provisions every build and test virtual environment
  in the wheel matrix. Test-dependency installation in particular
  drops from a multi-second pip install per ABI to a roughly
  sub-second uv resolve
  -- by :user:bdraco.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1350.

• Overrode CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND=build for the odd-arch wheel
  matrix; the upstream manylinux/musllinux images for
  those arches do not ship uv
  -- by :user:bdraco.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1352.

• Allowed re-running the deploy job after a partial release failure: the
  Make Release step now skips when the GitHub Release already exists,
  and the PyPI publish step uses skip-existing so dists that were
  already uploaded on a prior attempt do not break the retry
  -- by :user:bdraco.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1353.

• Switched the aarch64 and armv7l wheel builds to GitHub's native ARM
  runners. The aarch64 wheels now build without QEMU emulation, and
  armv7l runs on aarch64 hosts so its 32-bit ARM execution is far
  cheaper than the previous aarch64-on-x86_64 path
  -- by :user:bdraco.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1354.

• Documented design principles for pure-Python :class:~multidict.istr implementation
  -- by :user:asvetlov

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1360.

• Pinned coverage to the ctrace measurement core so the test suite runs
  on Python 3.14. Coverage picks sysmon there, which cannot record the
  dynamic contexts pytest-cov switches at runtime, and the resulting warning
  became an error under the suite's filterwarnings setting
  -- by :user:rodrigobnogueira.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1393.

• Dependabot has been restricted to the requirements subdirectory to
  avoid unintended updates outside dependency requirement files
  -- by :user:aiolibsbot.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1400.

• Enabled automatic upgrades from ruff after each python version that is dropped
  -- by :user:Vizonex.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1325.

Miscellaneous internal changes

• Explicitly marked empty_htkeys as const.

  Moved the structure to .rodata linker section.

  Unexpected modification of the structure will lead to segfault instead
  of corrupting the data and fail fast.

  .rodata is mount as read-only-mapped, it is shared well across
  multiple threads without cache misses.

  The change is pretty trivial, it is made for the sake of correctness,
  not for speedup.

  -- by :user:asvetlov.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1405.

• Slightly reorganized multidict creating process.

  1. Removed unnecessary calculations when md_init() creates an empty multidict.
  2. Now tp_alloc slot is used in object cloning instead of bare :c:func:PyType_GenericNew call.

  -- by :user:asvetlov

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1420.

• Dropped dead code, _md_del_at() and _md_del_at_for_upd() never fails
  -- by :user:asvetlov

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1423.

• Fixed a missing space in the :exc:ValueError message
  raised when constructing a multidict from a sequence
  -- by :user:veeceey.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1295.

• Renamed the benchmark script from benchmarks/becnhmark.py to
  benchmarks/benchmark.py so it matches the invocation documented in
  :doc:benchmark -- by :user:aiolibsbot.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1335.

v6.7.1

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=====

(2026-01-25)

Bug fixes

• Fixed slow memory leak caused by identity by adding Py_DECREF to identity value before leaving md_pop_one on success
  -- by :user:Vizonex.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1284.

v6.7.0

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=====

(2025-10-05)

Contributor-facing changes

• Updated tests and added CI for CPython 3.14 -- by :user:kumaraditya303.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1235.

v6.6.4

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=====

(2025-08-11)

Bug fixes

• Fixed MutliDict & CIMultiDict memory leak when deleting values or clearing them
  -- by :user:Vizonex

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1233.

Contributor-facing changes

• The type preciseness coverage report generated by MyPy <https://mypy-lang.org>__ is now uploaded to Coveralls <https://coveralls.io/github/aio-libs/multidict>__ and
  will not be included in the Codecov views <https://app.codecov.io/gh/aio-libs/multidict>__ going forward
  -- by :user:webknjaz.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1122, :issue:1231.

• Added memory leak test for popping or deleting attributes from a multidict to prevent future issues or bogus claims.
  -- by :user:Vizonex

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1233.

v6.6.3

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=====

(2025-06-30)

Bug fixes

• Fixed inconsistencies generated by the C implementation of _md_shrink() which might later lead to assertion failures and crash -- by :user:Romain-Geissler-1A.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1229.

v6.6.2

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=====

(2025-06-28)

Bug fixes

• Fixed a memory corruption issue in the C implementation of _md_shrink() that could lead to segmentation faults and data loss when items were deleted from a :class:~multidict.MultiDict. The issue was an edge case in the pointer arithmetic during the compaction phase -- by :user:bdraco.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1221, :issue:1222.

• Fixed format string compilation errors in debug builds on 32-bit platforms by using portable %zd format specifiers for Py_ssize_t values instead of %ld -- by :user:bdraco.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1225, :issue:1226.

Packaging updates and notes for downstreams

• Re-enabled 32-bit Linux wheel builds that were disabled by default in cibuildwheel 3.0.0 -- by :user:bdraco.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1225, :issue:1227.

v6.6.1

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=====

(2025-06-28)

Bug fixes

• If :meth:multidict.MultiDict.extend, :meth:multidict.MultiDict.merge, or :meth:multidict.MultiDict.update raises an exception, now the multidict internal state is correctly restored.
  Patch by :user:asvetlov.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1215.

Contributor-facing changes

• Fixed setuptools deprecation warning about the license specification -- by :user:asvetlov.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1216.

• Fix compiler warnings and convert them to errors -- by :user:asvetlov.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1217.

v6.6.0

Compare Source

=====

(2025-06-27)

Features

• Added :meth:multidict.MultiDict.merge which copies all items from arguments if its key
  not exist in the dictionary -- by :user:asvetlov.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:292.

• Stopped reallocating memory for the internal htkeys_t structure when inserting new items if the
  multidict has deleted items and it could be collapsed in-place. Removal of
  malloc()/free() improves the performance slightly.

  The change affects C implementation only, pure Python code is not changed.

  Patch by :user:asvetlov.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1200.

• C implementation of :class:multidict.MultiDict.getall now is slightly faster if it returns nothing -- by :user:asvetlov.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1212.

Improved documentation

• Replaced docstring for :meth:multidict.MultiDict.update to don't use RST/markdown markup.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1203.

• Improved documentation for :meth:multidict.MultiDict.extend and :meth:multidict.MultiDict.update -- by :user:asvetlov.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1205.

Contributor-facing changes

• When building wheels, the source distribution is now passed directly
  to the cibuildwheel invocation -- by :user:webknjaz.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1199.

• Set up PYTHONHASHSEED for benchmarks execution to make measured times stable -- by :user:asvetlov.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1202.

v6.5.1

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=====

(2025-06-24)

Bug fixes

• Fixed a bug in C implementation when multidict is resized and it has deleted slots.

  The bug was introduced by multidict 6.5.0 release.

  Patch by :user:asvetlov.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1195.

Contributor-facing changes

• A pair of code formatters for Python and C have been configured in the pre-commit tool.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1123.

• Shorted fixture parametrization ids.

  For example, test_keys_view_xor[case-insensitive-pure-python-module] becomes test_keys_view_xor[ci-py] -- by :user:asvetlov.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1192.

• The :file:reusable-cibuildwheel.yml workflow has been refactored to
  be more generic and :file:ci-cd.yml now holds all the configuration
  toggles -- by :user:webknjaz.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1193.

v6.5.0

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=====

(2025-06-17)

.. note::

The release was yanked because of :issue:1195, multidict 6.5.1 should be used
instead.

Features

• Replace internal implementation from an array of items to hash table.
  algorithmic complexity for lookups is switched from O(N) to O(1).

  The hash table is very similar to :class:dict from CPython but it allows keys duplication.

  The benchmark shows 25-50% boost for single lookups, x2-x3 for bulk updates, and x20 for
  some multidict view operations. The gain is not for free:
  :class:~multidict.MultiDict.add and :class:~multidict.MultiDict.extend are 25-50%
  slower now. We consider it as acceptable because the lookup is much more common
  operation that addition for the library domain.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1128.

Contributor-facing changes

• Builds have been added for arm64 Windows
  wheels and the reusable-build-wheel.yml
  template has been modified to allow for
  an os value (windows-11-arm) which
  does not end with the -latest postfix.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1167.

v6.4.4

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=====

(2025-05-19)

Bug fixes

• Fixed a segmentation fault when calling :py:meth:multidict.MultiDict.setdefault with a single argument -- by :user:bdraco.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1160.

• Fixed a segmentation fault when attempting to directly instantiate view objects
  (multidict._ItemsView, multidict._KeysView, multidict._ValuesView) -- by :user:bdraco.

  View objects now raise a proper :exc:TypeError with the message "cannot create '...' instances directly"
  when direct instantiation is attempted.

  View objects should only be created through the proper methods: :py:meth:multidict.MultiDict.items,
  :py:meth:multidict.MultiDict.keys, and :py:meth:multidict.MultiDict.values.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1164.

Miscellaneous internal changes

• :class:multidict.MultiDictProxy was refactored to rely only on
  :class:multidict.MultiDict public interface and don't touch any implementation
  details.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1150.

• Multidict views were refactored to rely only on
  :class:multidict.MultiDict API and don't touch any implementation
  details.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1152.

• Dropped internal _Impl class from pure Python implementation, both pure Python and C
  Extension follows the same design internally now.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1153.

v6.4.3

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=====

(2025-04-10)

Bug fixes

• Fixed building the library in debug mode.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1144.

• Fixed custom PyType_GetModuleByDef() when non-heap type object was passed.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1147.

Packaging updates and notes for downstreams

• Added the ability to build in debug mode by setting :envvar:MULTIDICT_DEBUG_BUILD in the environment -- by :user:bdraco.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1145.

v6.4.2

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=====

(2025-04-09)

Bug fixes

• Fixed a segmentation fault when creating subclassed :py:class:~multidict.MultiDict objects on Python < 3.11 -- by :user:bdraco.

  The problem first appeared in 6.4.0

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1141.

v6.4.1

Compare Source

=====

(2025-04-09)

No significant changes.

v6.4.0

Compare Source

=====

(2025-04-09)

Bug fixes

• Fixed a memory leak creating new :class:~multidict.istr objects -- by :user:bdraco.

  The leak was introduced in 6.3.0

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1133.

• Fixed reference counting when calling :py:meth:multidict.MultiDict.update -- by :user:bdraco.

  The leak was introduced in 4.4.0

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1135.

Features

• Switched C Extension to use heap types and the module state.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1125.

• Started building armv7l wheels -- by :user:bdraco.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1127.

v6.3.2

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=====

(2025-04-03)

Bug fixes

• Resolved a memory leak by ensuring proper reference count decrementation -- by :user:asvetlov and :user:bdraco.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1121.

v6.3.1

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=====

(2025-04-01)

Bug fixes

• Fixed keys not becoming case-insensitive when :class:multidict.CIMultiDict is created by passing in a :class:multidict.MultiDict -- by :user:bdraco.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1112.

• Fixed the pure Python version mutating the original :class:multidict.MultiDict when creating a new :class:multidict.CIMultiDict from an existing one when keyword arguments are also passed -- by :user:bdraco.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1113.

• Prevented crashing with a segfault when :func:repr is called for recursive multidicts and their proxies and views.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1115.

v6.3.0

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=====

(2025-03-31)

Bug fixes

• Set operations for KeysView and ItemsView of case-insensitive multidicts and their proxies are processed in case-insensitive manner.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:965.

• Rewrote :class:multidict.CIMultiDict and it proxy to always return
  :class:multidict.istr keys. istr is derived from :class:str,
  thus the change is backward compatible.

  The performance boost is about 15% for some operations for C Extension,
  pure Python implementation have got a visible (15% - 230%) speedup as well.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1097.

• Fixed a crash when extending a multidict from multidict proxy if C Extensions were used.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1100.

Features

• Implemented a custom parser for METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS protocol
  -- by :user:asvetlov.

  The patch re-enables fast call protocol in the :py:mod:multidict C Extension.

  Speedup is about 25%-30% for the library benchmarks for Python 3.12+.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1070.

• The C-extension no longer pre-allocates a Python exception object in
  lookup-related methods of :py:class:~multidict.MultiDict when the
  passed-in key is not found but default value is provided.

  Namely, this affects :py:meth:MultiDict.getone() <multidict.MultiDict.getone>, :py:meth:MultiDict.getall() <multidict.MultiDict.getall>, :py:meth:MultiDict.get() <multidict.MultiDict.get>, :py:meth:MultiDict.pop() <multidict.MultiDict.pop>, :py:meth:MultiDict.popone() <multidict.MultiDict.popone>, and :py:meth:MultiDict.popall() <multidict.MultiDict.popall>.

  Additionally, the :py:class:~multidict.MultiDict comparison with
  regular :py:class:dict\ ionaries is now about 60% faster
  on Python 3.13+ in the fallback-to-default case.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1078.

• Implemented __repr__() for C Extension classes in C.

  The speedup is about 2.5 times.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1081.

• Made C version of :class:multidict.istr pickleable.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1098.

• Optimized multidict creation and extending / updating if C Extensions are used.

  The speedup is between 25% and 70% depending on the usage scenario.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1101.

• :meth:multidict.MultiDict.popitem is changed to remove
  the latest entry instead of the first.

  It gives O(1) amortized complexity.

  The standard :meth:dict.popitem removes the last entry also.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1105.

Contributor-facing changes

• Started running benchmarks for the pure Python implementation in addition to the C implementation -- by :user:bdraco.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1092.

• The the project-wide Codecov_ metric is no longer reported
  via GitHub Checks API. The combined value is not very useful
  because one of the sources (MyPy) cannot reach 100% with the
  current state of the ecosystem. We may want to reconsider in
  the future. Instead, we now have two separate
  “runtime coverage” metrics for library code and tests.
  They are to be kept at 100% at all times.
  And the “type coverage” metric will remain advisory, at a
  lower threshold.

  The default patch metric check is renamed to “runtime”
  to better reflect its semantics. This one will also require
  100% coverage.
  Another “typing” patch coverage metric is now reported
  alongside it. It's considered advisory, just like its
  project counterpart.

  When looking at Codecov_, one will likely want to look at
  MyPy and pytest flags separately. It is usually best to
  avoid looking at the PR pages that sometimes display
  combined coverage incorrectly.

  The change additionally disables the deprecated GitHub
  Annotations integration in Codecov_.

  Finally, the badge coloring range now starts at 100%.

  .. image:: https://codecov.io/gh/aio-libs/multidict/branch/master/graph/badge.svg?flag=pytest
  :target: https://codecov.io/gh/aio-libs/multidict?flags[]=pytest
  :alt: Coverage metrics

  -- by :user:webknjaz

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1093.

Miscellaneous internal changes

• Synchronized :file:pythoncapi_compat.h with the latest available version.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1063.

• Moved registering ABCs for C Extension classes from C to Python.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1083.

• Refactored the internal pair_list implementation.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1084.

• Implemented views comparison and disjoints in C instead of Python helpers.

  The performance boost is about 40%.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1096.

v6.2.0

Compare Source

======

(2025-03-17)

Bug fixes

• Fixed in checks throwing an exception instead of returning :data:False when testing non-strings.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1045.

• Fixed a leak when the last accessed module in PyInit__multidict() init is not released.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1061.

Features

• Implemented support for the free-threaded build of CPython 3.13 -- by :user:lysnikolaou.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1015.

Packaging updates and notes for downstreams

• Started publishing wheels made for the free-threaded build of CPython 3.13 -- by :user:lysnikolaou.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1015.

Miscellaneous internal changes

• Used stricter typing across the code base, resulting in improved typing accuracy across multidict classes.
  Funded by an NLnet grant.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1046.

v6.1.0

Compare Source

==================

Bug fixes

• Covered the unreachable code path in
  multidict._multidict_base._abc_itemsview_register()
  with typing -- by :user:skinnyBat.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:928.

Features

• Added support for Python 3.13 -- by :user:bdraco.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:1002.

Removals and backward incompatible breaking changes

• Removed Python 3.7 support -- by :user:bdraco.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:997.

Contributor-facing changes

• Added tests to have full code coverage of the
  multidict._multidict_base._viewbaseset_richcmp() function
  -- by :user:skinnyBat.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:928.

• The deprecated <https://hynek.me/til/set-output-deprecation-github-actions/>_
  ::set-output workflow command has been replaced
  by the $GITHUB_OUTPUT environment variable
  in the GitHub Actions CI/CD workflow definition.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:940.

• codecov-action <https://github.com/codecov/codecov-action>_
  has been temporarily downgraded to v3
  in the GitHub Actions CI/CD workflow definitions
  in order to fix uploading coverage to Codecov_.
  See this issue <https://github.com/codecov/codecov-action/issues/1252>_
  for more details.

  .. _Codecov: https://codecov.io/gh/aio-libs/multidict?flags[]=pytest

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:941.

• In the GitHub Actions CI/CD workflow definition,
  the Get pip cache dir step has been fixed for
  Windows runners by adding shell: bash.
  See actions/runner#2224 <https://github.com/actions/runner/issues/2224>_
  for more details.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:942.

• Interpolation of the pip cache keys has been
  fixed by adding missing $ syntax
  in the GitHub Actions CI/CD workflow definition.

  Related issues and pull requests on GitHub:
  :issue:943.